WITH the wolf moon came one of the harder frosts we have seen this year. While statistically we are in the coldest part of the year, it feels like the weather has been kind so far. It is a tough time for our wildlife and that includes our insects, but nature has evolved numerous strategies to survive the harsh winter months.

In Britain, there are five butterfly and numerous moths species that will overwinter as an adult in a state of dormancy, somewhat akin to hibernation, brought about by them being too cold to be active. Last winter, our clematis and its trellis succumbed to a gale. As I set about a repair, three species of micro moth, common plume, common flat-body, and brindled flat-body, were disturbed from the gnarled dead wood and detritus that had accumulated underneath. What might look like an untidy corner of the garden to us is home to many an insect.

Caves, tunnels and outbuildings are typical locations where our hibernating butterflies and macro moths will be hauled up for the winter. In a sheltered cave formed by rough gritstone boulders I found a peacock butterfly. Clasped to the wall it sits cold like a stalactite. With its wings closed it looks as if it was formed with the rock itself. Hidden, for now, are the bright reds, blues, yellows and eyelike patterns that will adorn our gardens once warm weather returns. In contrast, nine herald moths hang ablaze to the roof of a tunnel just up the road. Although, it will be some months before their fire is lit. The tissue moth is a rare find and has so far eluded my searches.

Enter a cave in the summer and the chill hits you. But, enter a cave in the winter and, so long as the entrance is restricted enough, they feel warm and welcoming. Underground the ambient temperature in the UK is in the region of 11 degrees. Taking refuge within the earth is warmer than the outdoors in the winter moths and protects from whatever the weather throws our way.

In our garage, situated under the house, a small tortoiseshell butterfly (pictured) rests on the wall waiting for warmer weather. I join it to escape the cold while preparing the vegetable garden for the year ahead. Come the summer, while the butterfly basks in the sunshine after its long wait, it will be just me in the garage finding tasks that escape the heat of the midday sun.

wharfedale-nats.org.uk